Commercial and financial transaction documentation commonly refers to the London courts to adjudicate any dispute. After Brexit, this forum clause may be problematic. The HCCC is a solution of sorts - parties may have to reconsider their choice of court.

The environmental lawyer David Boyd has written a very interesting book about the gradual process of extending the legal concept of ‘rights’ to the non-human world: not only to animals, but also – for instance – to trees, rivers and whole eco-systems.

In Berlusconi and Fininvest v. Banca d’Italia, the CJEU held that within the framework of the SSM, national draft decisions preceding a final ECB decision are subject to ‘single judicial review’ at the EU Courts, precluding national jurisdiction.